Showing posts with label network. Show all posts
Showing posts with label network. Show all posts

Energy Efficient Communications Networks

Reputed companies are always conscious about their brand image and what a great way to build great brand by taking clean and green route! Bell Lab is the division of the Alcatel-Lucent. Currently Alcatel-Lucent is trying to invest in their communications networks to make it 1,000 times more energy efficient. They have launched a five year program known as “Green Touch.” Members affiliated with the Green Touch are AT&T, and China Mobile from industry; MIT and Stanford University from the academic world; and The French National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control from government. Industrial laboratory members are Bell Labs, the Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology and Freescale Semiconductor. The project has received the nods of ascent from United States Secretary of Energy Steven Chu and the British, French, South Korean and Portuguese governments.

They are going to hold their first meeting in February. The group will chalk-out its 5-year action plan, responsibilities of the members and what role they will play in achieving the overall goal. Their focus will be the telecom field. They want to develop a reference network architecture and the key components in these five years.
Reaching out to make the world greener

Green Touch will depend on the Bell Labs to do required research and provide necessary data to move ahead in achieving its 1,000-fold efficiency improvement in energy field. The laboratory had already accomplished the task of analyzing information and communication (ICT) networks technologies and architecture. After this Bell Labs then applied the Shannon-Hartley Theorem to its findings. In plain terms this theorem represents the maximum possible bandwidth available for broadcasting by adding the value of the signal encoding the data and the value of the noise, or interference.
The Green Touch Vision

The Green Touch Project seeks to accomplish the architecture, specifications and roadmap by 2015. Their aim is to reduce energy utilization of communications networks by a factor of 1,000 for every consumer from current levels. Gee Rittenhouse is the head of research at Alcatel-Lucent (NYSE: ALU) Bell Laboratories. According to him, “It is a really very aggressive schedule. We have five years to demonstrate these technologies.”

Bell Labs wants more and more organizations to join the Green Touch project. They are expecting to grow their tribe in numbers.

Rob Enderle is the principal analyst of the Enderle Group. He expresses his view, “Governments should like this trend a great deal, and I would expect they’ll have no problem getting on board. It may end up simply being a problem of keeping the folks that have to approve announcements down to a manageable level.”

The members of the project are not ruling out the competition also. Enderle envisages, “This may begin a new war, one on cost savings, which will drive a bigger pricing war” It might also launch a battle for dominance of the standards in this area as networking giants like Cisco (Nasdaq: CSCO) get involved. “Cisco is a big enough power in the segment to create standards pretty much on its own,” Enderle said.

But competition is not a bad thing at all. Consumer and companies both might be benefited at the end of the day. Enderle explains, “The result will benefit us all, regardless of whether this consortium or some other consortium or Cisco gets to it first.”
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"XIRKA" Processor from Indonesia

Indonesia scientist has succesfully developed WiMAX chipset called XIRKA System on chip. Be thought out by Adiono Trio, scientist of Bandung Technology Institute (ITB), the chipset is design to compatible with WiMAX technology or broadband wireless access. This chipset can be applied both in fixed and mobile WiMAX. WiMAX can be choice the communication network to the next time.

Asia Pacific Competitive Event, XIRKA successfull reach Asia Pacific Information Communication Technology Award (APICTA) on 2008 December with set aside participant the global industry from various country. At be a success Xirka processor, now Indonesia an one of country in "WiMAX Chipsets Producer Country Club" so far stand up US, France, Canada, Korea, and Japan.

XIRKA processor uniqueness is the ability to accommodate special requests for customization in order to create the best solution for our clients. This will enable any WiMAX equipment integrator and solution providers the ability to implement their own design and products for subscriber station (SS), mobile station (MS) and USB peripherals (including dongle and minicards).

Specifications:
The software runs on SPARC processor, providing flexibility, while the MAC hardware acceleration greatly enhances system performance and throughput. Channel bandwidth is supported up to 10 MHz.

PHY
•Standard Compatibility : IEEE 802.16e-2005
•Sub-carrier OFDMA : 1024 and 512 (reconfigurable)
•DC Frequency : 1
•Channel Bandwidths : 5 and 10 MHz
•Cyclic Prefix time Ratio : 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32
•Modulation : Adaptive (BPSK, QPSK, QAM16, QAM64)
•Front End Uplink Interface : Dedicated Parallel port or internal DAC/ADC
•Front End Downlink Interface : Dedicated Parallel port or internal DAC/ADC
•Working Frequency : Below 11 GHz licensed band
•Duplex : Time division duplex (TDD) or/and Half FDD
•Typical applications : subscriber station (SS) and mobile station (MS)
•High-performance modulation capabilities Flexible configuration for easy system integration:not mentioned

Data Interfaces
•SDIO

EXternal Interface
•10/100 Ethernet MAC
•USB
•Status LED
•Debug JTAG
•RS-232 ports

MAC
•Real-time services
•Concatenation, fragmentation, packing
•Automatic repeat request (ARQ)
•Payload header suppression (PHS)
•IPv6, 802.3 Convergence Sub-Layers
•Sleep and Idle mode power management support
•BE & UGS QoS classes

Peripheral
•GPIO (8)
•unit UART
•3 unit 32 bit Timers
•JTAG

System Block Diagram
•AGC: Automatic Gain Control (receiver gain)
•AFC: Automatic Frequency Control (from frequency synchronizer)
•On-board power supplies (12V in)
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A Single Firewall and Multiple Subnets

One way to segment the network without introducing another firewall is to use multiple interfaces on the firewall to create several subnets. A design base on this principle is presented in figure, in which the firewall splits the network into three subnets, each dedicated to hosting a particular tier of the application. The firewall is multi homed, which allows administrators to assign a different security policy to each interface.

In this configuration, internet users can directly access only presentation servers, which have access only to middleware servers, which can access only data servers. Juxtapose this design against the architecture of a multitiered application. At the same time, the firewall's rulesbase used to implement access restrictions in this scenario is more complicated than one in which all servers lived ont same subnet. this increases the likelihood that the firewall will be misconfigured, introducing its own risks into this design.

Hosting each tier of an application on a dedicated subnet is a powrful technique because it allows network designers to configure the network in a way that closely matches the application's security requirements, albeit at an added cost of maintaning a more complex firewall rulebase and managing servers located on different subnets. this approach, evident in several design presented in this article, mimics the design of a large ship split into multiple watertight compartments to resist flooding. If one of the sections is compromised, other areas retain a high chance of maintaning their integrity.
Using a single firewall to segment the network is one of the most affordable ways of separating application tiers, but it is now without limitations. A single logical firewall, even if redundant in hardware, present a single point of failure for the design, especilally when it enforces security policy for subnets that host servers of different risk levels. if the firewall is compromised or miconfigured, an intruder could obtain access to all subnets, including the most sensitive segment that hosts data servers. moreover, the firewall may become a performance bottleneck because it needs to examine traffic passing between all subnets. Let's take a look at an alternative design that uses multiple firewalls to eliminate some of these deficiencies.
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